What are common causes of fire alarm system malfunctions?

The answer highlights common factors that can lead to malfunctions in fire alarm systems. Dust accumulation is a significant issue, as it can impede the sensors' ability to detect smoke or heat, leading to false alarms or missed alerts. Electrical failures can arise from wear and tear, improper wiring, or power surges, all of which can disrupt the functionality of the fire alarm system. Additionally, improper installation can lead to a range of issues, including misalignment of sensors and inadequate connectivity, which can significantly compromise the alarm system's effectiveness.

In contrast, the other options do not directly pertain to the causes of fire alarm malfunctions. Poorly maintained fire extinguishers, while important for overall fire safety, do not affect the functioning of fire alarm systems directly. Inadequate training of fire personnel also impacts some aspects of fire safety but does not influence the operational integrity of the alarm system itself. Lastly, unscheduled fire drills are a practice that may indicate issues with preparedness but are not a cause of alarm system malfunctions. Thus, the focus on dust, electrical issues, and installation errors effectively identifies the primary technical concerns that can directly affect fire alarm systems.